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Posted in | at 7:12 AM

HTML Tables

HTML Table Example:

First NameLast NamePoints
JillSmith50
EveJackson94
JohnDoe80
AdamJohnson67

Table Example

<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>row 1, cell 1</td>
<td>row 1, cell 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>row 2, cell 1</td>
<td>row 2, cell 2</td>
</tr>
</table>

How the HTML code above looks in a browser:
row 1, cell 1row 1, cell 2
row 2, cell 1row 2, cell 2

HTML Tables and the Border Attribute

If you do not specify a border attribute, the table will be displayed without borders. Sometimes this can be useful, but most of the time, we want the borders to show.
To display a table with borders, specify the border attribute:

<table border="1">
<tr>
<td>Row 1, cell 1</td>
<td>Row 1, cell 2</td>
</tr>
</table>

HTML Table Headers

Header information in a table are defined with the <th> tag.
All major browsers display the text in the <th> element as bold and centered.

<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>Header 1</th>
<th>Header 2</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>row 1, cell 1</td>
<td>row 1, cell 2</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>row 2, cell 1</td>
<td>row 2, cell 2</td>
</tr>
</table>

How the HTML code above looks in your browser:
Header 1Header 2
row 1, cell 1row 1, cell 2
row 2, cell 1row 2, cell 2

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Posted in | at 7:03 AM

HTML Images - The <img> Tag and the Src Attribute


In HTML, images are defined with the <img> tag. 
The <img> tag is empty, which means that it contains attributes only, and has no closing tag.
To display an image on a page, you need to use the src attribute. Src stands for "source". The value of the src attribute is the URL of the image you want to display.

Syntax for defining an image:
<img src="url" alt="some_text">

HTML Images - The Alt Attribute

The required alt attribute specifies an alternate text for an image, if the image cannot be displayed.
The value of the alt attribute is an author-defined text:
<img src="boat.gif" alt="Big Boat">

The alt attribute provides alternative information for an image if a user for some reason cannot view it (because of slow connection, an error in the src attribute, or if the user uses a screen reader).

HTML Images - Set Height and Width of an Image

The height and width attributes are used to specify the height and width of an image.
The attribute values are specified in pixels by default:

<img src="pulpit.jpg" alt="Pulpit rock" width="304" height="228">

Tip: It is a good practice to specify both the height and width attributes for an image. If these attributes are set, the space required for the image is reserved when the page is loaded. However, without these attributes, the browser does not know the size of the image. The effect will be that the page layout will change during loading (while the images load).

Basic Notes - Useful Tips

Note: If an HTML file contains ten images - eleven files are required to display the page right. Loading images takes time, so my best advice is: Use images carefully.
Note: When a web page is loaded, it is the browser, at that moment, that actually gets the image from a web server and inserts it into the page. Therefore, make sure that the images actually stay in the same spot in relation to the web page, otherwise your visitors will get a broken link icon. The broken link icon is shown if the browser cannot find the image.

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Posted in | at 7:01 AM

HTML Images

Norwegian Mountain Trip

Pulpit Rock

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Posted in | at 6:59 AM

Styling HTML with CSS

CSS was introduced together with HTML 4, to provide a better way to style HTML elements.
CSS can be added to HTML in the following ways:
  • Inline - using the style attribute in HTML elements
  • Internal - using the <style> element in the <head> section
  • External - using an external CSS file
The preferred way to add CSS to HTML, is to put CSS syntax in separate CSS files.
However, in this HTML tutorial we will introduce you to CSS using the style attribute. This is done to simplify the examples. It also makes it easier for you to edit the code and try it yourself.

Inline Styles

An inline style can be used if a unique style is to be applied to one single occurrence of an element.
To use inline styles, use the style attribute in the relevant tag. The style attribute can contain any CSS property. The example below shows how to change the text color and the left margin of a paragraph:

<p style="color:blue;margin-left:20px;">This is a paragraph.</p>

HTML Style Example - Background Color

The background-color property defines the background color for an element:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body style="background-color:yellow;">
<h2 style="background-color:red;">This is a heading</h2>
<p style="background-color:green;">This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>

</html>

HTML Style Example - Font, Color and Size

The font-family, color, and font-size properties defines the font, color, and size of the text in an element:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>
<h1 style="font-family:verdana;">A heading</h1>
<p style="font-family:arial;color:red;font-size:20px;">A paragraph.</p>
</body>

</html>

The font-family, color, and font-size properties make the old <font> tag obsolete.

HTML Style Example - Text Alignment

The text-align property specifies the horizontal alignment of text in an element:

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<body>
<h1 style="text-align:center;">Center-aligned heading</h1>
<p>This is a paragraph.</p>
</body>

</html>

The text-align property makes the old <center> tag obsolete

Internal Style Sheet

An internal style sheet can be used if one single document has a unique style. Internal styles are defined in the <head> section of an HTML page, by using the <style> tag, like this:

<head>
<style type="text/css">
body {background-color:yellow;}
p {color:blue;}
</style>
</head>

External Style Sheet

An external style sheet is ideal when the style is applied to many pages. With an external style sheet, you can change the look of an entire Web site by changing one file. Each page must link to the style sheet using the <link> tag. The <link> tag goes inside the <head> section:

<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mystyle.css">
</head>

HTML Style Tags

TagDescription
<style>Defines style information for a document
<link>Defines the relationship between a document and an external resource

Deprecated Tags and Attributes

In HTML 4, several tags and attributes were used to style documents. These tags are not supported in newer versions of HTML.
Avoid using the elements: <font>, <center>, and <strike>, and the attributes: color and bgcolor.

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Posted in | at 6:58 AM

HTML Styles - CSS


CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is used to style HTML elements.

Look! Styles and colors

Manipulate Text
Colors,  Boxes
and more...






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Posted in | at 6:47 AM

HTML <head>


The HTML <head> Element

The <head> element is a container for all the head elements. Elements inside <head> can include scripts, instruct the browser where to find style sheets, provide meta information, and more.
The following tags can be added to the head section: <title>, <style>, <meta>, <link>, <script>, <noscript>, and <base>.

The HTML <title> Element

The <title> tag defines the title of the document.
The <title> element is required in all HTML/XHTML documents.
The <title> element:
  • defines a title in the browser toolbar
  • provides a title for the page when it is added to favorites
  • displays a title for the page in search-engine results
A simplified HTML document:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title of the document</title>
</head>

<body>
The content of the document......
</body>

</html>

The HTML <base> Element

The <base> tag specifies the base URL/target for all relative URLs in a page:

<head>
<base href="http://www.4wschools.blogspot.com/images/" target="_blank">
</head>

The HTML <link> Element

The <link> tag defines the relationship between a document and an external resource.
The <link> tag is most used to link to style sheets:

<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="mystyle.css">
</head>

The HTML <style> Element

The <style> tag is used to define style information for an HTML document.
Inside the <style> element you specify how HTML elements should render in a browser:

<head>
<style type="text/css">
body {background-color:yellow}
p {color:blue}
</style>
</head>

The HTML <meta> Element

Metadata is data (information) about data.
The <meta> tag provides metadata about the HTML document. Metadata will not be displayed on the page, but will be machine parsable.
Meta elements are typically used to specify page description, keywords, author of the document, last modified, and other metadata.
The metadata can be used by browsers (how to display content or reload page), search engines (keywords), or other web services.
<meta> tags always goes inside the <head> element.

<meta> Tags - Examples of Use

Define keywords for search engines:
<meta name="keywords" content="HTML, CSS, XML, XHTML, JavaScript">

 Define a description of your web page:
<meta name="description" content="Free Web tutorials on HTML and CSS">

 Define the author of a page:
<meta name="author" content="Hege Refsnes">

 Refresh document every 30 seconds:
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="30">

The HTML <script> Element

The <script> tag is used to define a client-side script, such as a JavaScript.
The <script> element will be explained in a later chapter.

HTML head Elements

TagDescription
<head>Defines information about the document
<title>Defines the title of a document
<base>Defines a default address or a default target for all links on a page
<link>Defines the relationship between a document and an external resource
<meta>Defines metadata about an HTML document
<script>Defines a client-side script
<style>Defines style information for a document

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